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Secondly, the sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27] where surface land runoff absorbs heat from the ground surface to elevate the water temperature. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. Climatic factors such as light, water and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming. Economic Network and Economic growth of Urban Agglomeration: A Study based on Big data and network analysis method. Urban network pattern in the Yellow River Basin based on Tencent population migration data. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. The vulnerability of karst and caves mechanisms, impacts on Karst and caves are extremely fragile environments and they are affected by specific hazards and impacts, largely related to their Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. Sun, Q.-K.; Zhou, L.; Tang, X.-L.; Sun, D.-Q. The specific calculation formula is as follows [. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. Greece's geographical location gave it a very advantageous position for trading. ; Chang, H.-Y. Development dynamics emerging country example (case study) Connectivity Improved Political development-Because Ancient Greek city-states tended to be isolated from each other, they developed different types of government. Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. The runoff coefficient has a positive coefficient for T (T, NO3-F). (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. We discuss the socio-economic and topographic factors that cause instability of CEWQ parameters and conclude with some suggestions for watershed managers to bring sustainability in freshwater bodies. The majority of them are also nutrients leading to eutrophication. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie X, Shi P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. Yu, J.-K.; Ma, J.-Q. The expected outcomes are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital (e.g. GDP shows a negative coefficient for T (T, turbidity). where \overline T, \overline P and W\overline Q are the air temperature, precipitation and water quality at any given time, respectively. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). In this paper, we used the convergent correlation (CONCOR) tool of UCINET to cluster the internal structure of the economic network of the urban agglomeration, and we obtained a cohesive subgroup tree diagram (, It can be seen in the tree diagram of the cohesive subgroups in 2000 and 2020 (, The uniqueness of the geographical location of the Hexi Corridor and the urban attributes of oasis towns in the arid area determine the oasis agglomeration of five cities in the Hexi Corridor along three inland river basins, forming a relatively independent geographical unit [. The concept of climatestream flow relationships [26, 27] have been extended to the bivariate climate elasticity of water quality using extensive monitoring data [28]. Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. These energy inputs heat up the land surface, which may increase water temperature due to heat transfer via land runoff from the catchment (especially paved areas) to surface waters [39, 40]. Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Old-Growth Forests in Urban Nature Reserves: Balancing Risks for Visitors and Biodiversity Protection in Warsaw, Poland, Analysis of Interrelations Structure in Agro-Systems Using the Factor Analysis Technique (FA), https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/left-Ticket/init, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, 1. Export citation and abstract what are the five factors that affect climate? Liu, H.-Y. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Chai, D.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Yang, S.; Xiong, F. Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method. This site uses cookies. In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. ; LV, R.; Zhang, X.-B. Topography is the relief of an area. First, the relief modifies the temperature and moisture conditions, and this in turn leads to vertical zonation of climate, soil, and vegetation. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. It also caused the Greeks to look outside of its peninsula for colonies that possessed soil that could be farmed. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. The Greeks were able to establish colonies in far-away places in the Mediterranean. The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. The increasing level of P (P, turbidity) with sub-watershed area may be attributed to several possible reasons: frequent and strong storms that erode the ground surface and re-suspend sediments in surface waters [41], human land use change [6, 42], and stock grazing and agricultural activities [43, 44]. Winds will also be gusty and spotting is more likely. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, 2. Environmental Research Letters, Fukushima et al. What was the Importance/significance of Theatre in Ancient Greek society? 12 104012 When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. [1] There are four branches of economic geography. The concept of bivariate elasticity was introduced by Jiang et al (2014) in order to measure the response of water quality parameters to precipitation and temperature [28]. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Wind and air masses. Publishing, 49.6480.546 (mean slope) 0.140 (STD slope), 51.8200.573 (mean slope) 0.136 (STD slope) + 0.01 (N-fertilizer), 0.032+0.062 (GDP)0.0002 (elevation)+0.002 (area of watershed), 153.236+1.695 (mean slope)+0.286 (STD slope), 89.507+0.482 (mean dlope)5.957 (mean slope), 2.6386.336 (P-manure)+19.366 (P-manure). Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. ; Nie, X.-Y. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. The impacts of natural environment on water quality, e.g., climate and topography, have been less studied in comparison with land use and socio-economic factors. Large global datasets were used for 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers. Lv, Y.; Chen, Y. Ashfaq, S.; Tang, Y.; Maqbool, R. Insights of energy and its trade networking impacts on sustainable economic development. Oymyakon is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on Earth and is found in the Arctic Circle's Northern Pole of Cold. Land. It measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country in the world. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. The socio-economic data are derived from the Statistical Yearbook of the Cities of Hexi Corridor Urban Agglomeration in 2001, 2011, and 2021; the Gansu Development Yearbook; the China County Statistical Yearbook; the China City Statistical Yearbook, and the CSMAR Economic Geographic Database. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. The present method has a limitation due to the unavailability of monthly data for GDP at the sub-watershed scale. Primary concentrations of human To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). On the other hand, it is connected with the neighboring Jinchang City in terms of material exchange at the level of production and consumption, connecting the belt industrial connection path as a network. The negative associations of GDP with P (P, DOC) and P (P, turbidity) may be due to conservative efforts at the catchment and buffer scales due to higher development in the region [60], or it may be a consequence of sedimentation of DOC to particulate organic matters, which reduces the DOC concentration in surface waters [61]. several social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. Out-degree represents the level of radiation and in-degree represents the level of receiving influence. Blasi, S.; Ganzaroli, A.; De Noni, I. Smartening sustainable development in cities: Strengthening the theoretical linkage between smart cities and SDGs. Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. Before we look into the economic, political and social developments, it is important to understand Ancient Greek geography. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. Structural evolution of tourism economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province. ; Shi, P.-J. Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. Fertilizer and manure data were extracted from the global fertilizer and manure application version 1 (0.50.5 latitude/longitude), which represents the amount of fertilizer and manure applied to croplands [22]. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Area development model construction. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Res. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. Economic development-Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. Latitude and longitude make up the grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or exact, locations on the Earth's surface. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. When topography Precious metals were mined from the mountains that could be used for trade. B.A. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. ; Zhu, Y.-F.; Zhou, W.-X. The urban flow intensity model was used to analyze the outward function of industrial sectors in the urban agglomeration in 2020 (, According to the structural decomposition of the urban flow intensity of specific cities (, The dominant flow method is used to analyze the intensity of the urban flow of the three industries in each city, identify the industrial core backbone connection axis, and obtain the three industries first, second, third, and fourth most dominant flow directions (. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Based on the regional characteristics of the developed oasis agriculture in the Hexi Corridor and the current the research results, 18 industrial sectors were selected for research according to the Industry Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2017) (, Dominant flow analysis is vital for studying the correlation axis and regional spatial structure [, The gravity model is a standard method to measure the intercity economic connection [, Social network analysis is widely used in studying complex network relationships in economics and geography. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. ; Shi, P.-J. 12 main water quality parameters are used in the current study, which are given in table S2. Based on the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper studies the industrial function connection path and economic network characteristics of the Hexi Corridor through an urban flow model, dominant flow analysis, modified gravity model, and social network analysis method, and puts forward an economic synergistic development model. Policy makers, and watershed and resource managers can take guidance from the developed empirical equations between the CEWQ and the above-mentioned factors for better water quality management of freshwater resources. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway M.A. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. 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