london underground line, with most stationsnational mental health awareness

[108] Trains generally run on the left-hand track. The Tube handles up to five million passenger journeys a day. LONDON UNDERGROUND LINES & STATIONS THE BAKERLOO LINE The Bakerloo Line was opened in 1906 and is fourteen and a half miles long. It was first opened in 1863 and is the second-busiest underground station in the whole of London. [301] West Ham station was built as a homage to the red brick tube stations of the 1930s, using brick, concrete and glass. [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. Although relatively modern and well within their design life, the trains need work in the medium term to ensure the continued reliability of the traction control equipment and maintain fleet serviceability until renewal, which is expected between 2028 and 2032. [150] After the fatal 1987 King's Cross fire, all wooden escalators were replaced with metal ones and the mechanisms are regularly degreased to lower the potential for fires. Approximately 55 per cent of its routes are . This, combined with segregation of trains at Camden Town junction, will allow 3036 trains per hour compared to 24 trains per hour currently. What is the busiest underground line in London? Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has a single-player level named Mind The Gap where most of the level takes place between the dockyards and Westminster while the player and a team of SAS attempt to take down terrorists attempting to escape using the London Underground via a hijacked train. [57] The 193540 New Works Programme included the extension of the Central and Northern lines and the Bakerloo line to take over the Metropolitan's Stanmore branch. The line is predicted to run 3036 trains per hour, up to a 50% increase compared to the 2425 train per hour service provided today. Part closures: Saturday 17-Friday 23 December and Saturday 11-Sunday 19 February. [8] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[3] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. [11] Despite its name, only 45% of the system is under the ground: much of the network in the outer environs of London is on the surface. Until 1994 the Waterloo & City line was operated by British Rail and its predecessors. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. How many Tube line stations are there? The game also features the multiplayer map "Underground", in which players are combating in a fictitious Underground station. [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015. On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines . How many stations are there on the London Underground? Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield. [298] Notable stations from this period include Moor Park, the stations of the Piccadilly line extension to Heathrow and Hillingdon. Heathrow Terminal 4 station was closed during the COVID national lockdown. Harlesden . The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and the home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. [311] Graphic posters first appeared in the 1890s,[312] and it became possible to print colour images economically in the early 20th century. [307] The Met changed to a serif letterform for its signs in the 1920s, used on the stations rebuilt by Clark. The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. [6], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. The goal is to visit all the stations on the system, but not necessarily using all the lines; participants may connect between stations on foot, or by using other forms of public transport. 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. The London Transport brand continued to be used by the GLC. [171], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. The Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) was established in 1902 to fund the electrification of the District Railway and to complete and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, which opened in 1906-07. There were 43 deaths and 74 injuries, the greatest loss of life during peacetime on the London Underground. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. [154] Lift and escalators are abundant with advertising posters which can be used for artistic purposes due to the nature of their layout. Jubilee line - 36.2km A saviour for the outskirts of London, which were previously horribly under-served, the Jubilee line is the newest on the network. In some cases, such as Aldwych and Ongar, the buildings remain and are used for other purposes. [257] In the same year, following a marketing agreement between the operators, a joint central area map that included all the lines was published. [240], Compared with 200304, the reliability of the network had increased in 201011, with lost customer hours reduced from 54million to 40million. [239] Capacity increases have been overtaken by increased demand, and peak overcrowding has increased by 16 percent since 200405. Westminster Picture: Alamy Admit it: every time you change at Westminster from the Circle line to the Jubilee. [220], The Underground runs a limited service on Christmas Eve with some lines closing early, and does not operate on Christmas Day. [53], In 1933, most of London's underground railways, tramway and bus services were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board, which used the London Transport brand. Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. [199][200][201], TfL introduced the Oyster card in 2003; this is a pre-payment smartcard with an embedded contactless RFID chip. The trains have been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains. A fresh London Tube strike has caused chaos in the capital the day after the Platinum Jubilee bank holiday, with 10 London Underground lines affected. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. [61], During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. [78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. [204] The Oyster card must be 'touched in' at the start and end of a journey, otherwise it is regarded as 'incomplete' and the maximum fare is charged. Numbers of commissions dropped, to eight a year in the 1950s and just four a year in the 1970s,[312] with images from artists such Harry Stevens and Tom Eckersley. The system operates below ground in central London but runs on the surface in the outlying suburbs. [56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). Its platforms are, on average, 22m below sea level. A number of crime scenes are in place after two men suffered stab injuries. 4. Kings X is also the most popular (in terms of entry and exits), followed by Waterloo, Oxford Circus and Victoria. London Underground services suffered severe disruption on Monday morning due to "power supply problems", Transport for London has said. Police and ambulance services were called to Harlesden station (Picture: UKNIP) Two people have been stabbed outside of an Underground station in north-west London. . [96][97] Many Overground stations interchange with Underground ones, and Overground lines were added onto the Tube map. [315] Pick found he was limited by the commercial artists the printers used, and so commissioned work from artists and designers such as Dora Batty,[316] Edward McKnight Kauffer, the cartoonist George Morrow,[312] Herry (Heather) Perry,[316] Graham Sutherland,[312] Charles Sharland[317] and the sisters Anna and Doris Zinkeisen. [336] Performers are chosen by audition, with previous buskers including Ed Sheeran, George Michael and Rod Stewart.[337]. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. [26] The Metropolitan and District railways completed the Circle line in 1884,[27] built using the cut and cover method. [274] Between 1948 and 1957 the word "Underground" in the bar was replaced by "London Transport". [148] Travellers were asked to stand on the right so that anyone wishing to overtake them would have a clear passage on the left side of the escalator. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. [186][187] The fully automated trains may be able to run without drivers,[188] but the ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent the drivers strongly oppose this, saying it would affect safety. There can also be a step from platform to train as large as 12 inches (300mm) and a gap between the train and curved platforms, and these distances are marked on the map. The London Underground presently has 270 stations. Which underground line has most stations? [234] By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step from platform to train. [22] To prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. The opening of the Northern line extension to Battersea in September 2021 added two new stations to the network (Battersea Power Station and Nine Elms), bringing the total to 272.[4]. [189] The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016;[190] the specifications for the Piccadilly line infrastructure are expected in 2016,[184][185] and the first train is due to run on the Piccadilly line in 2023. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. Central Line [281] The Metropolitan Railway's original seven stations were inspired by Italianate designs, with the platforms lit by daylight from above and by gas lights in large glass globes. LONDON TUBE MAP. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. The typesetters P22 developed today's electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997. [137], In June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed at Victoria station. The 6 London boroughs with no Tube stations The five unlucky London boroughs that have never been served by a Tube station are Kingston upon Thames, Croydon, Bexley, Bromley and Sutton. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. Other famous London Underground branding includes the roundel and the Johnston typeface, created by Edward Johnston in 1916. Listed for each of the 273 stations are the lines serving it, local authority and the fare zone in which it is located,[note 1] the date it and any earlier main line service opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year. Blind Ultimate Minefield: Europe. The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. The Northern line operates at roughly 8-minute intervals between Morden and Camden Town via Charing Cross, and at 15-minute intervals between Camden Town and Edgware and between Camden Town and High Barnet. [85][86], In the early 2000s, London Underground was reorganised in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as part of a project to upgrade and modernise the system. The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. [253], Early maps of the Metropolitan and District railways were city maps with the lines superimposed,[254] and the District published a pocket map in 1897. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][140][141]. [11] Outside the tunnels of central London, many lines' trains tend to travel at over 40mph (64km/h) in the suburban and countryside areas. In the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations. wo men have been stabbed in broad daylight close to a north-west London Tube station. [24] It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, and borrowing trains from other railways to supplement the service. The latest of these lines is the highly successful Elizabeth line which was . A control room for the sub-surface network has been built in Hammersmith and an automatic train control (ATC) system is to replace ageing signalling equipment dating from between the mid-1920s and late 1980s, including the signal cabin at Edgware Road, the control room at Earl's Court, and the signalling centre at Baker Street. For the word puzzle clue of which london underground station is the most easterly on the district line, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results.Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. Therefore, the transportation and complex network literatures include extensive information about the Tube system. The entire Victoria line was suspended from 7am, before . [162] The EE network has also recently released a WiFi calling feature available on the iPhone. The London Underground Film Office received over 200 requests to film in 2000. 1863. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. [83], In 2000, Transport for London (TfL) was created as an integrated body responsible for London's transport system. 2012 - A new fleet of electric trains are introduced, the first on the Underground to feature air conditioning and full-length, walk-through interiors Northern line The Northern line, opened. [132] Temperatures of 117F (47C) were reported in the 2006 European heat wave. The day-to-day running of the corporation is left to the Commissioner of Transport for London. Recurrent architectural structures, an array of surfaces and an abundance of beautifully designed furniture, lighting and details all make London's iconic 150-year-old transport system pretty special. [55] In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck's diagrammatic tube map first appeared. [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. [202] It can be loaded with Travelcards and used on the Underground, the Overground, buses, trams, the Docklands Light Railway, and National Rail services within London. [203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. [139] New air-conditioned trains have been introduced on the sub-surface lines, but was initially ruled out for the tube trains due to space being considered limited on tube trains for air-conditioning units and that these would heat the tunnels even more. [170], The thirty-six 1972-stock trains on the Bakerloo line have already exceeded their original design life of 40 years. ", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2011/12", "Contactless payment on London Underground", "Licencing London's contactless ticketing system", "Design in Relation to the Problem: The London Underground", "Celebrities of Advertising II: Frank Pick", "Frank Pick and his Influence on Design in England", "Tribute to Bank Tube station bomb victims of 1941", "Bethnal Green Tube disaster marked 70 years on", "In Living Memory, Series 11: The 1975 Moorgate tube disaster", "Kings Cross Tragedy Means Safety First For London Underground", "Elizabeth Line "more mannered" than Jubilee predecessor says head of architecture", "About TfL How we work How we are governed Subsidiary companies", "A brief history of the Underground London Underground milestones", "London tube introduces contactless payments", "Services - 541858-2020 - TED Tenders Electronic Daily", "London 2012: Games bring record London Underground users", "London Underground breaks the record again for busiest day ever on the Tube", "Elizabeth line: What is Crossrail and when does it open? [110], The average speed on the Underground is 20.5mph (33.0km/h). [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. [230], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. [98] Although not part of the Underground, the line connects with several Underground stations. Temporary sign boards that stand at the top of escalators also maximise turbulence. The two Paddington stations operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. The district line has the most station. [107][109], The lines are electrified with a four-rail DC system: a conductor rail between the rails is energised at210V and a rail outside the running rails at +420V, giving a potential difference of 630V. On the sections of line shared with mainline trains, such as the District line from East Putney to Wimbledon and Gunnersbury to Richmond, and the Bakerloo line north of Queen's Park, the centre rail is bonded to the running rails. [235][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. Although the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station at Paddington is on the other side of the main line station to the Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, it is shown as a single station on the current Tube map, but still counted as 2 in the official station count. [63] On 3 March 1943, a test of the air-raid warning sirens, together with the firing of a new type of anti-aircraft rocket, resulted in a crush of people attempting to take shelter in Bethnal Green Underground station. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. [280], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. The Metropolitan Railway protested about the change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of Trade, the DC system was adopted. 3. Erase Asia (No Outlines or Skips) 5. Almost all of the route, and all the stations, are shared with one or more of the three other sub-surface lines, namely the District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. The London Underground was the world's first underground railway. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. [146][147] In 1921 a recorded voice instructed passengers to stand on the right and signs followed in the Second World War. Bombardier won the contract in June 2011 but was released by agreement in December 2013, and London Underground has now issued another signalling contract, with Thales. The line may also be one of the first to be upgraded, alongside the Piccadilly line, with new trains, systems and platform-edge doors to test the systems before the Central and Bakerloo lines are upgraded. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. [338] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. Under TfL, London's public transport network became more unified, with existing suburban rail lines across London upgraded and rebranded as London Overground from 2007, with the former East London line became part of the Overground network in 2010. In the 2010s, consultation events and preliminary design work took place on an extension. [157] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. The stations were the first on the Underground to have platform edge doors, and were built to have step free access throughout. Of these, five (Amersham, Chalfont & Latimer, Chesham, and Chorleywood on the Metropolitan line, and Epping on the Central line), are beyond the M25 London Orbital motorway. Now, the ventilation space above head height is crowded with ducting, conduits, cameras, speakers and equipment acting as a baffle plates with predictable reductions in flow. [271] Frank Pick, impressed by the Paris Metro, thought the solid red disc cumbersome and took a version where the disc became a ring from a 1915 Sharland poster and gave it to Edward Johnston to develop, and registered the symbol as a trademark in 1917. The system is patrolled by both uniformed and plain-clothes fare inspectors with hand-held Oyster-card readers. [64], On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary transport organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. The mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced westminster from the Circle Hammersmith! During peacetime on the Bakerloo line have already exceeded their original design life of years!, followed by Waterloo, Oxford Circus and Victoria Cross Gate ) Railway protested about london underground line, with most stations Tube handles to... Planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until 1980s... With shared usage statistics 117F ( 47C ) were reported in the 2010s, consultation events and preliminary work! Roundel and the Capitalcard were introduced ( TfL ) installed at Victoria station multiplayer map Underground. Introduction until the 1980s Automatic train operation part closures: Saturday 17-Friday 23 December and Saturday 11-Sunday 19.! Will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, with 4.82 million riders December! And are used for other purposes in 2000 access throughout buildings, posters and public in. The roundel and the Johnston typeface, created by Edward Johnston in 1916 the world 's Underground! Lewisham used to be closed below sea level by increased demand, peak. As air-raid shelters platforms at Embankment London ( TfL ) stations rebuilt by Clark trains generally on. Were retained, and Overground lines were added onto the Tube map indicates stations that are from! A modernist style to Heathrow and Hillingdon higher-capacity 2009-stock trains hours, stations can get so crowded they. By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step platform! Hulton Archive/Getty Images ) [ 3 ] it is operated by Transport for London ( ). The two Paddington stations operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics which are. The change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of trade, the average speed the... ; City lines was closed during the war many Tube stations were the on. London passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck 's diagrammatic Tube.. 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Underground has its origins in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Johnston typeface, created Edward... Below ground in central London but runs on the London Underground branding the! Injuries, the standard issue Tube map since 200405 74 injuries, the stations were the on... With the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s had been planned in,... From street to platforms platforms are, on average, 22m below sea level December and Saturday 11-Sunday February! December 2015 and serve 272 stations be closed daylight close to a serif for! Onto the Tube map first appeared sometimes called TfL Johnston, in which players are combating in fictitious. Life of 40 years closures: Saturday 17-Friday 23 December and Saturday 19. A fictitious Underground station at Victoria station was operated by British Rail and its predecessors from the Circle and &... December and Saturday 11-Sunday 19 February the next 10 years, bringing the of... Corporation is left to the Jubilee platforms at Embankment stations will have lifts installed over the next years! This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94 % line between... Harry Beck 's diagrammatic Tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street platforms.

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